ABSTRACT Introduction: The assessment of biomechanical changes related to the lower limbs is necessary in clinical practice to measure the potential risks of injury and the influences on existing dysfunction. Biomechanical changes related to previous ankle injuries are known to influence the performance of the entire lower limb. Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate muscle strength tests, performance tests and ankle stability with the Single Hop Test (SHT). Methods: 82 amateur runners were evaluated with isokinetic tests of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, as well as Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight-bearing Lung Test (WBLT), and the SHT. Results: The results showed there was a significant correlation between the SHT and the YBT in subjects with hamstring/quadriceps ratio (I/Q ratio) <0.55, and the length of the unilateral SHT with the peak torque of ipsilateral knee extensors. Conclusion: The study was successful in correlating the functional tests in question with the results obtained in isokinetic dynamometry. Level of Evidence V; Cross-Sectional Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación de los cambios biomecánicos relacionados con las extremidades inferiores es necesaria en la práctica clínica para medir los riesgos potenciales de lesión y las influencias sobre la disfunción existente. Se sabe que los cambios biomecánicos relacionados con lesiones previas de tobillo influyen en el rendimiento de toda la extremidad inferior. Objetivo: Correlacionar las pruebas de fuerza muscular, las pruebas de rendimiento y la estabilidad del tobillo con la prueba de salto simple (Single Hop Test, SHT). Métodos: Se evaluó a 82 corredores aficionados con pruebas isocinéticas de fuerza muscular de cuádriceps e isquiotibiales, además de pruebas como Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight-bearing Lung Test (WBLT) y la prueba SHT. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existía una correlación significativa entre el SHT y el YBT en sujetos con ratio isquiotibiales/cuádriceps (ratio I/Q) <0,55, y la longitud del SHT unilateral con el par máximo de los extensores de la rodilla ipsilateral. Conclusión: El estudio logró correlacionar las pruebas funcionales en cuestión con los resultados obtenidos en la dinamometría isocinética. Nivel de Evidencia V; Estudio Transversal.

RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação de alterações biomecânicas relacionadas aos membros inferiores é necessária na prática clínica para mensurar os riscos potenciais de alguma lesão e as influencias sobre uma disfunção existente. As alterações biomecânicas relacionadas a lesões prévias de tornozelo são conhecidas pela influência na performance de todo o membro inferior. Objetivo: Correlacionar testes de força muscular, testes de performance e estabilidade do tornozelo com o teste de salto simples (Single Hop Test - SHT). Métodos: Foram avaliados 82 corredores amadores com testes isocinéticos de força muscular de quadríceps e isquiotibiais, além de testes Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight-bearing Lung Test (WBLT), e o SHT. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram haver correlação significativa entre o SHT e o YBT nos indivíduos com relação Isquiotibiais/Quadríceps (relação I/Q) <0,55, e o comprimento do SHT unilateral com o pico de torque de extensores de joelho ipsilateral. Conclusão: O estudo foi bem sucedido em correlacionar os testes funcionais em questão com os resultados obtidos na dinamometria isocinética. Nível de Evidência V; Estudo Transversal.

Resumo No Brasil, circulam informações positivas e negativas sobre o agronegócio. É nesse contexto que a população forma suas atitudes frente ao agronegócio brasileiro. As atitudes estão relacionadas ao conhecimento objetivo, ou seja, as informações científicas acuradas ou dados consolidados que o indivíduo tem em sua memória; e ao conhecimento autoavaliado, ou seja, aquilo que o indivíduo julga saber. O objetivo foi identificar o impacto do conhecimento objetivo e do conhecimento autoavaliado sobre o agronegócio brasileiro nas atitudes da população. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário com uma amostra de 468 participantes e analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e um modelo de regressão ordinal. Os resultados demonstraram que quanto maior o conhecimento objetivo e quanto maior o conhecimento autoavaliado maior é a probabilidade de um indivíduo ter atitudes positivas frente ao agronegócio. Os resultados também demonstraram que indivíduos com posicionamento político mais a direita tem maior probabilidade de ter atitudes positivas frente ao agronegócio brasileiro.

Abstract In Brazil, positive and negative information is spread about agribusiness. In this context of positive and negative information, the population forms its attitudes towards Brazilian agribusiness. Attitudes are related to objective knowledge, that is, accurate scientific information or consolidated data the individual has in his/her memory, and self-assessed knowledge, that is, what the individual thinks she or he knows. The objective was to identify the impacts of objective knowledge and self-assessed knowledge about Brazilian agribusiness on the population's attitudes. Data were collected through the application of questionnaire to a sample of 468 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and an ordinal logistic regression model. The results show that the greater the objective knowledge and the greater the self-assessed knowledge, the greater the probability of an individual having a more positive attitudes towards Brazilian agribusiness. The results also show that the further to the right on the political spectrum the individual declared himself/herself, the greater the probability of showing more positive attitudes towards the Brazilian agribusiness.

Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of Federal Protected Areas on the coast of the state of Paraíba in northeastern Brazil with regard to the preservation of mangrove forests. The study area encompassed remaining mangrove forests distributed in four federal protected areas (PAs) located in Paraíba: Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (AREI) of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River, Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Mamanguape River, the Restinga de Cabedelo National Forest (NATFOR), and the Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve (EXTRES). The methods consisted of a spatiotemporal analysis considering the year of creation of each PA, with mapping and quantification as well as the assessment of impacts and effectiveness. NATFOR and EXTRES had the most conserved mangrove areas on the temporal scale, whereas AREI and EPA had the largest reductions in areas of mangrove forest. Urban expansion, sugarcane monoculture, and shrimp farming represented the main negative impacts spatially identified in these PAs. Based on the results of this study, the mangrove forests analyzed have continually suffered anthropogenic pressures since their creation as protected areas. The greatest effectiveness in the preservation of mangrove forests was found in Acaú-Goiana EXTRES and the least effectiveness was found in the AREI of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River.

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are a group of rare genetic inherited diseases with a progressive course due to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans resulting in anatomic abnormalities and organ dysfunction, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, skeletal, and neurological systems that can increase the risk of anesthesia complications. Clinical manifestations are variable, multisystemic, and include severe morphological changes. The anesthetic management of these patients is complex, particularly airway management, which can be planned to include a fiberoptic airway investigation prior to surgery. We present two cases of patients with MPS type VI and VII who underwent fiberoptic airway mapping under conscious sedation, with no complications. Since MPS is a rare but challenging disease concerning the airway management, we propose a safe and effective anesthetic technique that could be used for fiberoptic bronchoscopy and allow fiberoptic-assisted tracheal intubation at the time of surgery. (MPS dysfunction respiratory cardiovascular skeletal complications variable multisystemic changes complex surgery sedation fiberopticassisted assisted

Abstract The Antillean manatee occurs discontinuously from the state of Amapá to the state of Alagoas on the coast of Brazil. There is also evidence of reintroduced manatees using the coasts of Sergipe and Bahia, with a preference for calm shallow waters. This study characterized the home range areas of six rehabilitated manatees released in northeastern Brazil. The activities were conducted in the states of Paraíba, Sergipe, and Bahia. Type of environment, substrate, depth, aquatic vegetation, physicochemical variables of the water, presence of solid waste, human settlements, and watercraft were considered to characterize the areas. The results showed a manatee preference for sheltered areas. Resources were available in larger quantities in the dry season, and a reduction in the availability of food items was fund over the years. High overlap was found in the multivariate space of the individuals in terms of the characteristics of the habitats. The estuary of the Paraíba River and the coastal area of Cabedelo Beach in Paraíba showed the greatest amount of solid waste, human settlements, and watercraft. Released manatees exhibited a preference for sites shallower than two meters, with food resources and fresh water availability. Brazil Bahia waters environment substrate depth vegetation waste settlements season years habitats meters

Resumo Enquadramento: A temperatura corporal é um dos sinais vitais mais avaliados nos cuidados de saúde pediátricos para avaliação e orientação clínica. Objetivos: Avaliar a concordância entre a medição da temperatura por via axilar e timpânica em crianças dos 6 aos 36 meses. Metodologia: Estudo observacional e descritivo desenvolvido num hospital de nível II, em Portugal. O protocolo de medição da temperatura seguiu as orientações da Direção-Geral da Saúde. Resultados: Participaram no estudo 331 crianças. A diferença entre a temperatura timpânica e axilar variou entre os 0,00ºC e os 1,40ºC com uma média de 0,45ºC ± 0,30ºC e uma mediana de 0,50ºC, com uma concordância quase perfeita entre os dois métodos. Observou-se um efeito no valor da temperatura consoante o método utilizado em todas as variáveis estudadas. Conclusão: Existe uma concordância quase perfeita entre estes dois métodos de medição da temperatura, não influenciando a tomada de decisão clínica. Dado a maior facilidade de implementação e exequibilidade, as vantagens do método de avaliação via timpânica são superiores ao método tradicional via axilar, pelo que poderá ser implementado como rotina na avaliação da temperatura em crianças dos 6 aos 36 meses.

Abstract Background: Body temperature is one of the most evaluated vital signs in pediatric health care for clinical assessment and guidance. Objectives: To evaluate the agreement between axillary and tympanic thermometry in children aged 6 to 36 months. Methodology: An observational and descriptive study was carried out in a level II hospital in Portugal. The thermometry protocol followed the guidelines of the Portuguese Directorate-General of Health. Results: A total of 331 children participated in the study. The difference between tympanic and axillary temperatures ranged from 0.00ºC to 1.40ºC, with a mean of 0.45ºC ± 0.30ºC and a median of 0.50ºC, an almost perfect agreement between both methods. An effect on the temperature value was observed according to the technique used in all variables studied. Conclusion: There is an almost perfect agreement between these two thermometry methods, not influencing clinical decision-making. Advantages of the tympanic method over the traditional axillary method include easy implementation and feasibility. Therefore, it can be routinely implemented in assessing temperature in children aged 6 to 36 months.

Resumen Marco contextual: La temperatura corporal es una de las constantes vitales más valoradas en los cuidados de salud pediátricos para la evaluación y orientación clínica. Objetivos: Evaluar la concordancia entre la medición de la temperatura axilar y la timpánica en niños de 6 a 36 meses. Metodología: Estudio observacional y descriptivo desarrollado en un hospital de nivel II de Portugal. El protocolo de medición de la temperatura siguió las directrices de la Dirección General de Sanidad. Resultados: Un total de 331 niños participaron en el estudio. La diferencia entre la temperatura timpánica y la axilar varió entre 0,00ºC y 1,40ºC con una media de 0,45ºC ± 0,30ºC y una mediana de 0,50ºC, con una concordancia casi perfecta entre los dos métodos. En todas las variables estudiadas se observó un efecto sobre el valor de la temperatura según el método utilizado. Conclusión: Existe una concordancia casi perfecta entre estos dos métodos de medición de la temperatura, sin influencia en la toma de decisiones clínicas. Dada la mayor facilidad de aplicación y viabilidad, las ventajas del método de evaluación timpánica son superiores a las del método tradicional a través de la axila, por lo que puede aplicarse de forma rutinaria en la evaluación de la temperatura en niños de 6 a 36 meses.

Resumo A sucessão rural é um processo social construído a partir da preparação do sucessor e da fazenda para atender às expectativas da família. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar como capital social, capacidade absortiva e variáveis socioeconômicas influenciam na sucessão rural. A amostra foi composta por 82 produtores brasileiros de soja e milho. O questionário mediu características socioeconômicas, capacidade absortiva (CA) e capital social (CS). Para testar a influência da CA, CS e características socioeconômicas na sucessão rural, foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (rs). Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade absortiva afeta a sucessão rural através da aquisição, assimilação, transformação e exploração de conhecimento externo, podendo auxiliar na definição de sucessores. Os resultados também sugeriram que o capital social desempenha um papel importante na construção de redes de relacionamento, estimulando a discussão e a definição de sucessores. As características socioeconômicas – percentual da renda familiar da propriedade, participação em cursos e palestras, e associação a cooperativas – também apresentaram correlação positiva e significativa em relação à sucessão na propriedade. Questões relacionadas à capacidade de absorção e conhecimento externo, capital simbólico e social, e transição geracional podem ser fundamentais na continuidade dos negócios rurais familiares.

Abstract Farm succession is a process socially built from the preparation of the successor and the farm to meet a family business’ expectations. This study aimed to identify how social capital, absorptive capacity, and socioeconomic characteristics influence farm succession. The survey was conducted sampling 82 soybean and corn Brazilian farmers. The questionnaire measured socioeconomic characteristics, Absorptive Capacity (AC), and Social Capital (SC). To test the influence of AC, SC, and socioeconomic characteristics on farm succession, Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) was performed. Results showed that the absorptive capacity can influence farm succession through acquisition, assimilation, use, and transformation of external knowledge into decision making, supporting the definition of successors. Results also suggested that social capital plays an important role to form relationship networks, stimulating discussions, and supporting the designation of successors. The socioeconomic characteristics ‘percentage of family income from the farm, participation in courses and lectures, and being a cooperatives member’ also presented a significant positive correlation with farm succession. Issues related to the capacity to absorb external knowledge, social and symbolic capital and generational transference can be fundamental in the continuity of the family farming business.

ABSTRACT. One way to reduce mineral fertilizers is to use alternative fertilizers instead, such as the byproducts from the food industry. In the present study we evaluated the effects of sugarcane bagasse ash on the physiology, growth, and development of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). We conducted an experiment in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with two sunflower cultivars (Multissol and Catissol), five sugarcane bagasse ash doses (0.0, 3.125, 4.687, 6.25, and 7.812 mg ha-1), and 5 replicates. At 85 days after planting we determined the plant height; leaf number; stem diameter; internal and external diameter of the flower chapter; leaf area index; shoot dry weight; net assimilation rate; dry mass production rate; relative and absolute growth rate; extravasation of electrolytes; relative water content; photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and the chlorophyll a/b ratio); and soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and proline. The height, number of leaves, and shoot dry mass increased due to the availability of nutrients contained in the ash. The incorporation of ash into the soil increased the photosynthetic activity (chlorophyll a and b) of both sunflower cultivars. The diameter of the stem, leaf area index, and relative growth rate of both sunflower cultivars increased with increasing ash dose. Therefore, the ash can be used as an alternative fertilizer, complementing or replacing mineral fertilizers.

Resumo Várias correlações entre dioicia e características ecomorfológicas têm sido sugeridas para inferir as condições que favorecem este sistema sexual. A dioicia tem sido associada a sistemas de polinização especializados ou generalistas. O gênero Simarouba possui seis espécies dióicas que parecem ter polinizadores generalistas. Neste trabalho, examinamos aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies desse gênero para investigar quais de seus atributos ecomorfológicos reprodutivos podem favorecer a dioicia. Nossos dados sugerem que S. amara e S. versicolor têm flores pequenas, abertas, abundantes, com antese noturna que são polinizadas apenas por mariposas também noturnas. Elas possuem um sistema sexual estável com dimorfismo na flor, inflorescência e fenologia de floração, que faz parte de suas estratégias de polinização. As plantas masculinas de ambas as espécies produzem mais flores por indivíduo do que as femininas. Esta alta produção de flores tem um papel importante no aumento do sucesso reprodutivo masculino. Ambas as espécies apresentaram baixa eficácia reprodutiva, especialmente S. versicolor. A baixa eficácia reprodutiva pode ser devido à falta de polinizadores ou à ineficácia dos polinizadores disponíveis localmente.

Abstract Several possible correlations between dioecy and eco-morphological features have been suggested to infer the conditions that would favor this sexual system. Dioecy has been associated either with specialized or generalized pollination systems. The genus Simarouba has six dioecious species that seem to have generalized pollinators. In this study, we examined the reproductive biology aspects of two Simarouba species to evaluate which of their eco-morphological attributes may favor dioecy. Our data suggest that S. amara and S. versicolor have small, inconspicuous, and abundant flowers of nocturnal anthesis and are only pollinated by nocturnal moths. They have a stable sexual system with flower, inflorescence, and flowering phenology dimorphism that is part of their pollination system strategies. Male plants of both species produce more flowers per individual than do female plants. A larger floral display may have an essential role in increasing male reproductive success. However, both species showed low reproductive efficacy, especially S. versicolor. The low reproductive efficacy may be due to the lack of pollinators or to the inefficacy of the pollinators available locally.

Abstract The inadequate choice of a diagnostic method or the option for techniques that have low sensitivity and specificity may limit the diagnosis of parasitic agents that affect aquatic mammals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the FLOTAC technique and compare it with three traditional methods (Willis, sedimentation and centrifugation- flotation) used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites in aquatic mammals. For this, 129 fecal samples from 12 species were collected. Each sample was submitted to laboratory processing using the Willis, Hoffman techniques, Faust method and FLOTAC. Sensitivity, specificity, real prevalence, estimated prevalence, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, correct classification (accuracy) and incorrect classification were evaluated to compare the different diagnostic methods. The highest frequency of positive samples occurred using FLOTAC (46.51%), compared to Hoffman (23.25%), Faust (10.07%) and Willis techniques (6.97%). In the samples analyzed, the occurrence of Strongylidae eggs and Eimeriidae oocysts was frequently observed. The FLOTAC technique proved to be the most appropriate technique and due to its efficacy, is strongly recommended for coproparasitological evaluations in aquatic mammals.

Abstract Food has always been an urban issue. The role of cities in building more sustainable food systems is already recognized and related to other urban domains, such as transport, health, land use planning for agriculture and multifunctional areas, community development, employment generation and waste management. The implications of these on urban planning and practice are however less evident. A proper spatialization of the food system and of its metabolic flows is missing, inhibiting their necessary readings for urban design. This paper addresses this gap. After introducing the concept of food system and discussing its spatial components - production, transformation, distribution, commercialization/consumption and waste management - we expose how a set of food-related activities and initiatives are shaping the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The socio-ecological metabolic flows established by these operations on the ground and their sustainability impacts are established, based on the analysis of five municipalities: Lisbon, Oeiras, Alcochete, Palmela and Montijo. The results reveal how food is already an opportunity for the creation of jobs, healthy food markets and the promotion of land productivity, in particular on a micro scale. The paper recognizes the importance of localized food systems and their particular metabolic flows, capable of boosting opportunities to overcome physical and social obstacles and to increase the possibilities for urban planning to target the urban food system on a wider scale. Finally, it concludes that the overall food system of a metropolitan area is more than the sum of the several food systems operating in that same region.

This paper discusses the existing urban-rural dichotomy in Portuguese urban planning, assuming its importance on food-provision, a basic human need. Our analysis stems from an historical overview at two scales, regional and municipal, within the Lisbon Region. Specifically, we identify key changes between two time-periods: the mid-twentieth century, when design-based planning was established in Portugal for larger settlements, and nowadays, when it covers the totality of the national territory, based on land-use. We review these strategies, assessing what approaches would best encompass a sustainable transition of the food system. We start with the scheme of regional radial axis by architect Étienne de Gröer in contrast with the 2002 Lisbon Regional Plan. We furthermore expose two urbanization plans from 1940s: that of Vila Franca de Xira (1946) by Miguel Jacobetty and Faria da Costa and that of Palmela (1948) by João António Aguiar. Such plans, highly representative of the planning practices of that era, are then compared with their contemporary counterparts and subsequently with samples of their physical impacts on the ground, based on a morphological analysis of settlements and productive spaces in urban and rural contexts. Finally, we identify key changes for better use of productive soils within the Lisbon Region, considering challenges posed by international and national agendas.